Aim: The current paper was an attempt to design a sustained release dosage form using various grades of hydrophilic polymers, Hypromellose (hydroxyl‑propyl methylcellulose HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M) and Povidone K30 as binder solution in a matrix‑controlled drug delivery system of Lamivudine. Materials and Methods: Laboratory scale batches of six tablet formulations were prepared by wet granulation technique. Micromeritic properties of the granules were evaluated prior to compression. Tablets were characterized as crushing strength, friability, weight variation, thickness, drug content or assay and evaluated for in‑vitro release pattern for 24 h using buffer (PH-1.2) followed by Phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 at 37 ± 0.5°C. The in‑vitro release mechanism was evaluated by kinetic modeling. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that HPMC K4M at a concentration of 25% in formulation (F2) was able to sustain the drug release for 24 h and followed the Higuchi pattern. There was no such major chemical interaction found between the drug and excipients during Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study. Conclusion: Hence, combinely HPMC K4M and Povidone K30 at a suitable concentration can effectively be used to sustain drug release.

Aim: Mucoadhesive microspheres has been accepted as a process to achieve controlled drug delivery by prolonging the residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption thereby improving and enhancing the bioavailability of drugs. Irbesartan is an Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. It competes with Angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor sub type. The mucoadhesive microspheres of Irbesartan were formulated by orifice ionic gelation technique employing polymers like Sodium Carboxy methyl cellulose and Carbopol along with Sodium alginate. The microspheres prepared were discrete, spherical and free flowing. Microspheres were evaluated for particle size, percentage yield, flow properties, drug content, and drug entrapment efficiency, percentage moisture loss, swelling property, in vitro drug release, drug release kinetics, in vitro wash-off test, stability study and drug polymer interaction study by FT-IR. The microencapsulation efficiency was found relatively high with 2% polymer. Average particle size was found in the range of 5.02±0.36 to 9.45±0.43μm. Formulations F6 displayed the best results for. Entrapment efficiency was 85.26±0.43%, swelling-index was 194±3.45% and drug release up to 8 h was 94.97%. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed first order kinetics. The in vitro wash-off test indicated that the microspheres had good mucoadhesive properties. Hence prepared mucoadhesive microspheres may be an effective strategy for the development of easy, reproducible and cost effective method for safe and effective oral drug therapy

Aim: Benzothiazoles and pyrazoles moieties structurally have better anti inflammatory activity. Therefore various of 8-chloro-7-fluoro-1-[4-methylphenyl] sulphonyl 1,9 dihydro[1,2,4] triazol[3,4-b][1,3] Benzothiazole containing different functional groups have been synthesized by condensing 7- Chloro-6-Fluoro-2-amino-Benzothiazole with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of ethylene glycol and conc. HCl to get 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydrazinyl-1, 3-benzothiazole and then treated with potassium carbonate to get 8-chloro-7-fluoro-1,9a-dihydrol [1,2,4] triazole [3,4-b][1,3] benzothiazole and then treated with p-toulene sulphonamide in the presence of pyridine to get 8-chloro-7-fluoro-1-[4-methylphenyl] sulphonyl-1,9a-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole. To the above product different aromatic amines, as well as various primary and secondary amines in presence of DMF and were treated to get newly targeted compounds by replacing chlorine at 7th position. The characterization of the compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral (IR, 1H-NMR and MASS) data. Further, they have been screened for their anti-microbial activity. The fungal activity of the compounds was determined by means of the disc-diffusion method. The inhibition zones were measured with a caliper considering the total diameters. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was determined by means of the disc-diffusion method

Aim: Pterospermum acerifolium Linn is usually a perennial, evergreen plant belonging to family Sterculiaceae. It is found in sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalayan valleys and hills up to 4,000 ft., Bengal, Chittagong, Khasia Hills, Manipur, Darjeeling and Odisha and extensively planted in the Bombay State. Sometimes it is used for packing-cases, planks, turnery articles and plywood. Hill people use the white tomentum from the under surface of the bark to stop bleeding Flowers: used as a general tonic .Flowers and bark: charred and mixed with kamala applied in suppurating small-pox. The extracts of these barks and barks are used in traditional medicine because of their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The bark extracts of various solvents were subjected to pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis. Variable fluorescence nature of the plant was also noted against day and UV light. Bark extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, cardiac glycosides etc., which could be a reason for the plants pharmacological activity. These observations would be of great value in the authentification of this plant in its crude form.

The demand for fast disintegrating tablets has been growing, during the last decade especially for geriatric and paediatric patients because of swallowing difficulties. Urapidil is a new generation of sympatholytic antihypertensive (class-II) available in European market. Hence in present work an attempt has been made to formulate fast dissolving tablets of urapidil by direct compression technique using various concentration of Superdisintegrants like Cross carmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol), Polyplasdone R-XL and Sodium starch glycolate (SSG). The formulated tablets were evaluated for Crushing strength, Friability, Thickness, Diameter, Weight variation, Drug content, Wetting time, Water absorption ratio, Disintegration time and Percentage of drug release. All formulations showed satisfactory result. Among them formulation AD3 containing 3% of Ac-Di-Sol exhibited complete release within 1 hour and disintegration time within 10 second. Accelerated stability study indicated no significant difference in assay and crushing strength. There was no chemical interaction between the drug and excipients during FT-IR study and DSC study considered in the present investigation